港大數學系 | 專補 DSE 數學(Core / M1 / M2)| 2018 DSE 超過 40% 學生考取 5* 或以上,超過 65% 學生考取 5 或以上(只計算出席超過四堂常規課程的學生)
2022年5月2日星期一
2022 DSE Suggested Solutions
當然唔少得 M1 同埋 M2 啦!
2022年4月19日星期二
DSE Suggested Solutions
由於小卒好似暫時上唔到,所以我 post 埋之前打過嘅 DSE Suggested Solutions 黎呢邊等同學溫書啦~
Maths Core
2021 DSE Paper 1 2021 DSE Paper 2
2020 DSE Paper 1 2020 DSE Paper 2
2019 DSE Paper 1 2019 DSE Paper 2
2018 DSE Paper 1 2018 DSE Paper 2
M1
M2
2021年5月4日星期二
2021 DSE Suggested Solutions
當然唔少得 M1 同埋 M2 啦!
2020年10月1日星期四
點樣用 random integers 黎 estimate π?
不如我地試下做少少 experiment 先,求其寫兩個 positive integers,睇下佢地嘅 greatest common divisor(gcd,或者香港學生見開既 H.C.F.)係 1 嘅 probability,比如抽到 $21$ 同 $34$ 就係屬 favourable outcome,抽到 $21$ 同 $35$ 嘅話就唔係一個 favourable outcome。
由於電腦出 random integers 未能做到冇 upper bound 嘅情況,所以我退而求其次,去睇下唔同 upper bound $M$ 嘅結果會係點啦!
|
$M$ |
$100$ |
$10000$ |
$1000000$ |
|
The total number of pairs ($N$) |
$100000$ |
$100000$ |
$100000$ |
|
The number of pairs whose gcd is $1$ ($n$) |
$60949$ |
$60894$ |
$60647$ |
|
The probability of getting a coprime pair
($P=\frac{n}{N}$) |
$0.60949$ |
$0.60894$ |
$0.60647$ |
|
$\sqrt{\frac{6}{P}}$ |
$3.137562119$ |
$3.138978736$ |
$3.145364377$ |
不如我地將呢個 process 各重覆 $30$ 次,睇下會點~eh... 咁熟口面嘅,好似同我地熟悉既 π 好似喎!
|
$M$ |
$100$ |
$10000$ |
$1000000$ |
|
Sample mean of $\sqrt{\frac{6}{P}}$ |
$3.139835545$ |
$3.141452666$ |
$3.142048756$ |
|
Sample standard deviation of $\sqrt{\frac{6}{P}}$ |
$0.004702442$ |
$0.003096638$ |
$0.003385599$ |
哇,真係好似喎!因為宜家每組有 $30$ 個 data,我地可以 assume 佢地係 normal,咁樣只有 $M=100$ 嘅 case 計到嘅 sample mean 係 significant smaller than $\pi$。
究竟點解呢個數字會咁接近 $\pi$ 呢?
我地可以睇下呢個 probability 可以點樣計出黎先~
首先,我地搵兩個數嘅 gcd 首先會搵左呢兩個數嘅 prime factorization(即小學教嘅質因數連乘式),點樣做到兩個數嘅 gcd 係 1?就係佢地唔會同時係 2 嘅倍數、唔會同時係 3 嘅倍數、唔會同時係 5 嘅倍數、唔會同時係 7 嘅倍數…… 即佢地唔會同時係同一個質數嘅倍數;而因為質數 $p$ 嘅倍數係每 $p$ 就會有一個,所以一個數字係質數 $p$ 嘅倍數嘅 probability 就會係 $\frac{1}{p}$,因此兩個數都唔係質數 $p$ 嘅倍數嘅 probability 就會係 $\frac{1}{p^{2}}$;考慮哂個咁多個 prime numbers,就會得到 $$P=\prod_{p\textbf{ prime}}\left(1-\frac{1}{p^{2}}\right)= \left(1-\frac{1}{2^{2}}\right)\times\left(1-\frac{1}{3^{2}}\right)\times\left(1-\frac{1}{5^{2}}\right)\times\cdots。$$
跟住我地就可以嘗試爆開上面,因為 $0<\frac{1}{p^{2}}<1$,根據 GS sum to infinity,我地知道 $$\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{p^{2}}} = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{p^{2k}}=1+\frac{1}{p^{2}}+\frac{1}{p^{4}}+\frac{1}{p^{6}}+\cdots,$$ 所以我地可以將上面個 product 寫成 $$\frac{1}{P}=\prod_{p\textbf{ prime}}\left(\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{p^{2k}}\right) = \left(1+\frac{1}{2^{2}}+\frac{1}{2^{4}}+\frac{1}{2^{6}}\right) \times \left(1+\frac{1}{3^{2}}+\frac{1}{3^{4}}+\frac{1}{3^{6}}\right) \times \left(1+\frac{1}{5^{2}}+\frac{1}{5^{4}}+\frac{1}{5^{6}}\right) \times \cdots$$
因為我地小學已經學左嘅 Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic,即每個整數都可以寫成一個 unique 嘅 prime factorization,我地就會見到其實爆開出黎嘅 terms 都係 $\frac{1}{m^{2}}$,而 $m$ 係任何 integers 嘅樣,而且唔會重覆。比如因為 $12=2^{2}\times 3$,所以 $\frac{1}{12^{2}}$ 就可以由第一個 bracket 揀 $\frac{1}{2^{4}}$、第二個 bracket 揀 $\frac{1}{3^{2}}$ 同埋剩餘嘅 brackets 都揀 $1$ 得出,所以 $$\frac{1}{P}=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k^{2}}=1^{2}+2^{2}+3^{2}+\cdots。$$
1735 年,數學家 Euler 發現左 $$\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k^{2}}=1^{2}+2^{2}+3^{2}+\cdots=\frac{\pi^{2}}{6},$$ 而呢條式就可以幫我地計到 $$P=\frac{6}{\pi^{2}},$$ 亦因此我地就知道 $$ \pi=\sqrt{\frac{6}{P}} $$ 喇!
如果想知上面條式點黎,我可以下次打番架!
當然同學都可以諗下點解當 $M$ 係細數嘅時候,點解 estimate 出黎嘅 $\pi$ 通常會細過 actual value?
2020年5月3日星期日
2020 DSE Suggested Solutions
當然唔少得 M1 同埋 M2 啦!
2019年11月6日星期三
2020 DSE Maths / M1 / M2 Mock Examination
今年既 mock exam 同上年一樣,都係會係九展舉行!
全部考試模式均與真實 DSE 一樣,務求令各位同學可以真正體驗 DSE 既考試氣氛同埋睇下自己係 DSE 數學 / M1 / M2 中既不足之處,從而加以改善。
數學必修部分(Mathematics Compulsory Part)
數學延伸部分(Mathematics Extended Part (Modules 1 & 2))
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人數
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11月15日或之前 Early Bird 八折優惠
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正價
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購買 2019
DSE Mock Exam Set
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不購買2019
DSE Mock Exam Set
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歷屆 Maths / M1 / M2 Mock Examinations
如有任何查詢,可以以 Whatsapp 聯絡 Jacky Sir:67093450。
2019年8月9日星期五
2019 M2 Q9 只用 Core 方法做既話要點做呢?
(a)
Note that $y=\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{12-x^{2}}$ can give $x^{2}+9y^{2}=12$.
On $\Gamma$, when $x=3$, $y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$.
Therefore, let $y-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=m(x-3)$ be the equation of $L$, where $m$ is the slope of $L$, i.e. $y=m(x-3)+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$.
Then, we have $x^{2}+9\left[m(x-3)+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right]^2=12$, which gives $\left(9m^{2}+1\right)x^{2}-\left(54m^{2}-6\sqrt{3}m\right)x+\left(81m^{2}-18\sqrt{3}m-9\right)=0$.
Since $L$ is a tangent to $\Gamma$, we know that in the above equation, we know that in the above equation, $\Delta=0$, implying $\left[-\left(54m^{2}-6\sqrt{3}m\right)\right]^{2}-4\left(9m^{2}+1\right) \left(81m^{2}-18\sqrt{3}m-9\right)=0$ so $3m^{2}+2\sqrt{3}+1=0$. Hence, $\left(\sqrt{3}m+1\right)^{2}=0$ and then $m=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$.
Hence, the equation of $L$ is $y-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(x-3)$, i.e. $x+\sqrt{3}y-4=0$.
(b)(i)
Note that $y=\sqrt{4-x^{2}}$ gives $x^{2}+y^{2}=4$.
Substitute $y=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(x-3)+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}$ into the above equation, we have $x^{2}+\left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^{2}=4$, which implies that $(x-1)^{2}=0$. Hence, $x=1$.
Also, since $1$ is a double root of the equation, we know that $L$ really touches $C$ at $x=1$.
On $C$, when $x=1$, $y=\sqrt{3}$ so the required coordinates are $\left(1,\sqrt{3}\right)$.
(b)(ii)
By solving $x^{2}+9y^{2}=12$ and $x^{2}+y^{2}=4$, we know that $x^{2}=3$ and since $x>0$, we have $x=\sqrt{3}$. Moreover, since $y=\sqrt{4-x^{2}}\geq 0$, we know that $y=1$.
Hence, the required coordinates are $\left(\sqrt{3},1\right)$.
(b)(iii)
Note that the $C$ is in fact a quarter of a circle with centre $(0,0)$ and radius $2$.
Moreover, note that the graph of $y=\sqrt{12-x^{2}}$, where $x\in\left(0,2\sqrt{3}\right)$, denoted by $C'$, is a quarter of a circle with centre $(0,0)$ and radius $2\sqrt{3}$ and this graph can be reduced along the $y$-axis to $\frac{1}{3}$ of the original one to the curve $\Gamma$.
Then, we can use the filling method to find the required area.
Let $O$ be the origin, $P$ be the point $\left(3,\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)$, $Q$ be the point $\left(1,\sqrt{3}\right)$ and $R$ be the point $\left(\sqrt{3},1\right)$.
First, the area of $\triangle OPQ$ is $(3-0)\left(\sqrt{3}-0\right)-\frac{1}{2}(1-0)\left(\sqrt{3}-0\right)-\frac{1}{2}(3-0)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-0\right)-\frac{1}{2}(3-1)\left(\sqrt{3}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right) = \frac{4}{3}\sqrt{3}$.
Second, note that if $\alpha$ is the angle between $OQ$ and the $x$-axis, then $\tan\alpha=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{1}$ so $\alpha = 60^{\circ}$ and if $\beta$ is the angle between $OR$ and the $x$-axis, then $\tan\beta=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$ so $\beta=30^{\circ}$ so $\angle QOR=60^{\circ}-30^{\circ}=30^{\circ}$. As a result, the area of the circular sector $OQR$ of $C$ can be given by $\pi (2)^{2}\times\frac{30^{\circ}}{360^{\circ}}=\frac{\pi}{3}$.
Third, note that the region bounded by $\Gamma$, $OP$ and $OR$ can be obtained by reducing a circular sector of the $C'$ along the $y$-axis to $\frac{1}{3}$ of the original one so the area of the former is $\frac{1}{3}$ of the latter. Before the reduction, the coordinates of $P$ and $R$ are $\left(3,\sqrt{3}\right)$ and $\left(\sqrt{3},3\right)$ respectively, denoted by $P'$ and $R'$ respectively. Hence, if $\gamma$ is the angle between $OP'$ and the $x$-axis, then $\tan\gamma=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$ so $\gamma=30^{\circ}$ whereas if $\delta$ is the angle between $OR'$ and the $x$-axis, then $\tan\delta=\frac{3}{\sqrt{3}}$ so $\delta=60^{\circ}$. Hence, $\angle P'OR'=60^{\circ}-30^{\circ}=30^{\circ}$. As a result, the area of this region can be found by $\pi \left(2\sqrt{3}\right)^{2} \times \frac{30^{\circ}}{360^{\circ}} \times \frac{1}{3} = \frac{\pi}{3}$.
Consequently, the required area is $\frac{4}{3}\sqrt{3}-\frac{\pi}{3}-\frac{\pi}{3}=\frac{4}{3}\sqrt{3}-\frac{2\pi}{3}$.
2019年6月9日星期日
Parabola (拋物線) 是甚麼?
係 Maths Core 我地成日都會講 parabola,但究竟 parabola 係咩黎既呢?我地經常話 $y=ax^{2}+bx+c$ (where $a$, $b$ and $c$ are real constants with $a\neq 0$ 既 graph 係一條 parabola,但…… 其實我地開口埋口講既 parabola 又係咩黎? 其實數學裡面有一種 curve 叫做 conic sections,即係係一個 double infinite right circular cone 用一塊 plane 黎 cut 出黎既 curve,就好似下圖咁:
另外,$\angle PAB$ 同 $\angle PCB$ 都係 semi-vertex angle (by the definition of parabola),所以:
\begin{align*}
\angle PAB &= \angle PCB && \text{(proved)} \\
\angle PBA &= \angle PBC && \text{(proved)} \\
PB&=PB && \text{(common side)} \\
\triangle PAB &\cong \triangle PCB && \text{(A.A.S.)} \\
PA &= PC && \text{(corr. sides, ~}\triangle\text{s)}
\end{align*}
A parabola is a curve such that there exists a point $F$ and a line $l$ such that every point $P$ lying on the parabola is equidistant to $F$ and to $l$.
\begin{align*}
\sqrt{(x-a)^{2}+(y-b)^{2}}&=\sqrt{(x-x)^2+(y-k)^{2}} \\
(x-a)^{2}+(y-b)^{2}&=(y-k)^{2} \\
(2b-2k)y&=(x-a)^{2}+b^{2}-k^{2} \\
y&=\frac{1}{2b-2k}\left(x^{2}-2ax+a^{2}+b^{2}-k^{2}\right) && (\because k\neq b)
\end{align*}
咁我地就出到條 parabola 喇!!!
但…… 點解我地叫 parabola 做拋物線既?咁我地就要用下 F.4 上學期既 mechanics 喇!
係 projectile motion (當然係 without air resistance 啦) 裡面,如果一個 object 由 $(0,0)$ 呢個 point 開始擲出,initial velocity 係 $u$,inclination 係 $\theta$,咁我地就有 \[ \begin{cases} x = ut \cos\theta \\ y = ut \sin\theta - \frac{1}{2} gt^{2}\end{cases}.\]
今日講到咁多,希望大家都會知道大家學緊既 parabola 其實係點黎啦~
2019年4月19日星期五
Maths Core / M1 / M2 Semi-mock Examination 7 for 2020 DSE
Maths Core Mock:2019 年 5 月 26 日 08:45 - 13:00
M1 Mock:2019 年 6 月 2 日 08:45 - 11:30
M2 Mock:2019 年 6 月 2 日 08:45 - 11:30
試卷模式將會與 DSE 真卷一樣,不同的只是考試範圍。
模擬考試更設有多人、多科優惠!
在優悅教育報讀任何相應科目常規課程均可免費報考。
總科次 為 1:$150/科
總科次 為 2:$140/科
總科次 為 3 至 5:$120/科
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總科次 為 11 或以上:$80/科
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即刻 click 入黎報名啦:
2019年4月9日星期二
2019 DSE Suggested Solutions
【Updated on 28/4/2019】 當然唔少得 M1 同埋 M2 啦!






